# Gas

**Gas** is the unit that measures the **computational workload** required to execute transactions or contracts on the **ENI network**. 

***

## Key Terms and Concepts

**Gas**

Gas is a measure of the amount of work required to execute a transaction, and its value varies according to the complexity of the transaction being executed.

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**Gas Price**

Gas Price refers to the amount of **$ENI** a user is willing to pay per unit of gas.

Users can set the **gas price** to influence transaction fees.

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**Gas Limit**

**Gas limit** is the maximum amount of gas a user wants to use for a transaction. If the gas limit is set too low, a node attempting to execute the transaction will run out of gas, fail to complete the transaction, and consume the entire specified gas limit.

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**Fees**

**Fees = Gas Price \* Gas Limit**.

* ```bash
  curl -H "Authorization: your-apikey-here" https://api.blocknative.com/gasprices/blockprices?chainid=$CHAIN_ID
  ```

***

**Maximum Gas**

The maximum gas limit for transactions ensures that complex transactions do not consume excessive resources. You can query an RPC node using `/consensus_params` (i.e., <https://rpc.eniac.network/consensus\\_params>) to find the maximum gas limit for each chain.

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**Minimum Gas Price**

ENI enforces a minimum gas price to prevent junk transactions. These prices are set by chain.

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**Maximum Byte Size**

Each transaction has a maximum byte limit, defined by each chain. This limit can be retrieved by querying the `/consensus_params` endpoint of an RPC node.

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**Maximum Gas Limit for Queries**

Since queries also consume gas, they have a maximum gas limit. This limit is specific to each RPC provider, so check with your provider to determine the maximum gas limit for your query.

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#### Sending Gas in Transactions

When submitting a transaction for broadcast, the user needs to specify the gas price and the gas limit to determine the fee.

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**Using enid**

When using enid, fees are set via the `--fees` flag, and gas limits and gas prices can be set via the `--gas` and `--gas-prices` flags, respectively.

```bash
enid tx bank send <from_address> <to_address> <amount> --gas <gas_limit> --gas-prices <gas_price> --fees <fee>
```

***

**Using CosmJS**

In any CosmJS transaction, the gas fee must be specified using the `StdFee` object.

```js
const fee = {
  amount: [{ denom: 'ueni', amount: '5000' }],
  gas: '200000'
};
const result = await client.signAndBroadcast(address, [msg], fee, memo);
```

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**Using EVM (wagmi)**

```js
import { sendTransaction } from 'wagmi/actions';

sendTransaction({
  request: {
    to: '0xRecipientAddress',
    value: '1000000000000000000',   // 1 ENI
    gasPrice: '100000000000',       // 100 Gwei
    gasLimit: '21000'
  }
});
```

***

## Optimizing Gas Prices for Smart Contracts

**Best Practices for Efficient Gas Usage:**

* **Minimize storage operations:** Storage is expensive in terms of gas.
* **Use fixed-size data structures:** They are more gas-efficient.
* **Avoid unnecessary computations:** Streamline your smart contract logic.

Optimizing gas usage ensures **lower costs** and **faster execution** for smart contracts on the ENI network.